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			<h1>Python3 条件控制</h1>
<p>Python 条件语句是通过一条或多条语句的执行结果（True 或者 False）来决定执行的代码块。</p><p>
可以通过下图来简单了解条件语句的执行过程:</p>
<p> <img decoding="async" src="./Python3 条件控制 _ 菜鸟教程_files/if-condition.jpg"> </p>
<p>代码执行过程：</p>
<p><img decoding="async" width="50%" src="./Python3 条件控制 _ 菜鸟教程_files/python-if.webp"></p>
<hr>
<h2>if 语句</h2>
<p>Python中if语句的一般形式如下所示：</p>
<div class="example">
<div class="example_code">
<div class="hl-main"><span class="hl-reserved">if</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-identifier">condition_1</span><span class="hl-code">:
    </span><span class="hl-identifier">statement_block_1</span><span class="hl-code">
</span><span class="hl-reserved">elif</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-identifier">condition_2</span><span class="hl-code">:
    </span><span class="hl-identifier">statement_block_2</span><span class="hl-code">
</span><span class="hl-reserved">else</span><span class="hl-code">:
    </span><span class="hl-identifier">statement_block_3</span></div>
<button class="copy-code-button" type="button" data-clipboard-text="if condition_1:
    statement_block_1
elif condition_2:
    statement_block_2
else:
    statement_block_3" style="display: none;"></button></div>
</div>
<ul><li>如果 "condition_1" 为 True 将执行 "statement_block_1" 块语句</li><li>如果 "condition_1" 为False，将判断 "condition_2"</li><li>如果"condition_2"
为 True 将执行 "statement_block_2" 块语句</li><li>如果 "condition_2" 为False，将执行"statement_block_3"块语句</li></ul>


<p>
Python 中用 <b>elif</b> 代替了 <b>else if</b>，所以if语句的关键字为：<b>if – elif – else</b>。
</p>
<p>
<strong>注意：</strong></p>
<ul><li>
1、每个条件后面要使用冒号 <span class="marked">:</span>，表示接下来是满足条件后要执行的语句块。</li><li>
2、使用缩进来划分语句块，相同缩进数的语句在一起组成一个语句块。</li><li>
3、在 Python 中没有 <span class="marked">switch...case</span> 语句，但在 Python3.10 版本添加了 <span class="marked">match...case</span>，功能也类似，详见下文。</li></ul>
<p>Gif 演示：</p>
<p><img decoding="async" width="50%" src="./Python3 条件控制 _ 菜鸟教程_files/006faQNTgw1f5wnm0mcxrg30ci07o47l.gif"></p>
<h3>实例</h3>
<p>以下是一个简单的 if 实例：</p>
<div class="example">
<h2 class="example">实例</h2>
<div class="example_code">
<div class="hl-main"><span class="hl-comment">#!/usr/bin/python3</span><span class="hl-code">
 
</span><span class="hl-identifier">var1</span><span class="hl-code"> = </span><span class="hl-number">100</span><span class="hl-code">
</span><span class="hl-reserved">if</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-identifier">var1</span><span class="hl-code">:
    </span><span class="hl-identifier">print</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-brackets">(</span><span class="hl-quotes">"</span><span class="hl-string">1 - if 表达式条件为 true</span><span class="hl-quotes">"</span><span class="hl-brackets">)</span><span class="hl-code">
    </span><span class="hl-identifier">print</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-brackets">(</span><span class="hl-identifier">var1</span><span class="hl-brackets">)</span><span class="hl-code">
 
</span><span class="hl-identifier">var2</span><span class="hl-code"> = </span><span class="hl-number">0</span><span class="hl-code">
</span><span class="hl-reserved">if</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-identifier">var2</span><span class="hl-code">:
    </span><span class="hl-identifier">print</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-brackets">(</span><span class="hl-quotes">"</span><span class="hl-string">2 - if 表达式条件为 true</span><span class="hl-quotes">"</span><span class="hl-brackets">)</span><span class="hl-code">
    </span><span class="hl-identifier">print</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-brackets">(</span><span class="hl-identifier">var2</span><span class="hl-brackets">)</span><span class="hl-code">
</span><span class="hl-identifier">print</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-brackets">(</span><span class="hl-quotes">"</span><span class="hl-string">Good bye!</span><span class="hl-quotes">"</span><span class="hl-brackets">)</span></div>
<button class="copy-code-button" type="button" data-clipboard-text="#!/usr/bin/python3
 
var1 = 100
if var1:
    print (&quot;1 - if 表达式条件为 true&quot;)
    print (var1)
 
var2 = 0
if var2:
    print (&quot;2 - if 表达式条件为 true&quot;)
    print (var2)
print (&quot;Good bye!&quot;)" style="display: none;"></button></div>
</div>

<p>执行以上代码，输出结果为：</p>
<pre class="prettyprint prettyprinted" style=""><span class="lit">1</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">if</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">表达式条件为</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">true</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="lit">100</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="typ">Good</span><span class="pln"> bye</span><span class="pun">!</span><button class="copy-code-button" type="button" data-clipboard-text="1 - if 表达式条件为 true
100
Good bye!
" style="display: none;"></button></pre>
<p>从结果可以看到由于变量 var2 为 0，所以对应的 if 内的语句没有执行。</p>
<p>以下实例演示了狗的年龄计算判断：</p>
<div class="example">
<h2 class="example">实例</h2>
<div class="example_code">
<div class="hl-main"><span class="hl-comment">#!/usr/bin/python3</span><span class="hl-code">
 
</span><span class="hl-identifier">age</span><span class="hl-code"> = </span><span class="hl-builtin">int</span><span class="hl-brackets">(</span><span class="hl-builtin">input</span><span class="hl-brackets">(</span><span class="hl-quotes">"</span><span class="hl-string">请输入你家狗狗的年龄: </span><span class="hl-quotes">"</span><span class="hl-brackets">)</span><span class="hl-brackets">)</span><span class="hl-code">
</span><span class="hl-identifier">print</span><span class="hl-brackets">(</span><span class="hl-quotes">"</span><span class="hl-quotes">"</span><span class="hl-brackets">)</span><span class="hl-code">
</span><span class="hl-reserved">if</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-identifier">age</span><span class="hl-code"> &lt;= </span><span class="hl-number">0</span><span class="hl-code">:
    </span><span class="hl-identifier">print</span><span class="hl-brackets">(</span><span class="hl-quotes">"</span><span class="hl-string">你是在逗我吧!</span><span class="hl-quotes">"</span><span class="hl-brackets">)</span><span class="hl-code">
</span><span class="hl-reserved">elif</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-identifier">age</span><span class="hl-code"> == </span><span class="hl-number">1</span><span class="hl-code">:
    </span><span class="hl-identifier">print</span><span class="hl-brackets">(</span><span class="hl-quotes">"</span><span class="hl-string">相当于 14 岁的人。</span><span class="hl-quotes">"</span><span class="hl-brackets">)</span><span class="hl-code">
</span><span class="hl-reserved">elif</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-identifier">age</span><span class="hl-code"> == </span><span class="hl-number">2</span><span class="hl-code">:
    </span><span class="hl-identifier">print</span><span class="hl-brackets">(</span><span class="hl-quotes">"</span><span class="hl-string">相当于 22 岁的人。</span><span class="hl-quotes">"</span><span class="hl-brackets">)</span><span class="hl-code">
</span><span class="hl-reserved">elif</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-identifier">age</span><span class="hl-code"> &gt; </span><span class="hl-number">2</span><span class="hl-code">:
    </span><span class="hl-identifier">human</span><span class="hl-code"> = </span><span class="hl-number">22</span><span class="hl-code"> + </span><span class="hl-brackets">(</span><span class="hl-identifier">age</span><span class="hl-code"> -</span><span class="hl-number">2</span><span class="hl-brackets">)</span><span class="hl-code">*</span><span class="hl-number">5</span><span class="hl-code">
    </span><span class="hl-identifier">print</span><span class="hl-brackets">(</span><span class="hl-quotes">"</span><span class="hl-string">对应人类年龄: </span><span class="hl-quotes">"</span><span class="hl-code">, </span><span class="hl-identifier">human</span><span class="hl-brackets">)</span><span class="hl-code">
 
</span><span class="hl-comment">### 退出提示</span><span class="hl-code">
</span><span class="hl-builtin">input</span><span class="hl-brackets">(</span><span class="hl-quotes">"</span><span class="hl-string">点击 enter 键退出</span><span class="hl-quotes">"</span><span class="hl-brackets">)</span></div>
<button class="copy-code-button" type="button" data-clipboard-text="#!/usr/bin/python3
 
age = int(input(&quot;请输入你家狗狗的年龄: &quot;))
print(&quot;&quot;)
if age &lt;= 0:
    print(&quot;你是在逗我吧!&quot;)
elif age == 1:
    print(&quot;相当于 14 岁的人。&quot;)
elif age == 2:
    print(&quot;相当于 22 岁的人。&quot;)
elif age &gt; 2:
    human = 22 + (age -2)*5
    print(&quot;对应人类年龄: &quot;, human)
 
### 退出提示
input(&quot;点击 enter 键退出&quot;)" style="display: none;"></button></div>
</div>

<p>将以上脚本保存在dog.py文件中，并执行该脚本：</p>
<pre class="prettyprint prettyprinted" style=""><span class="pln">$ python3 dog</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">py 
</span><span class="pun">请输入你家狗狗的年龄:</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="lit">1</span><span class="pln">

</span><span class="pun">相当于</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="lit">14</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">岁的人。</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="pun">点击</span><span class="pln"> enter </span><span class="pun">键退出</span><button class="copy-code-button" type="button" data-clipboard-text="$ python3 dog.py 
请输入你家狗狗的年龄: 1

相当于 14 岁的人。
点击 enter 键退出
"></button></pre>
<p>
以下为if中常用的操作运算符:</p>

<table class="reference">
<tbody><tr>
<th>操作符</th>
<th>描述</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>&lt;</code></td>
<td>小于</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>&lt;=</code></td>
<td>小于或等于</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>&gt;</code></td>
<td>大于</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>&gt;=</code></td>
<td>大于或等于</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>==</code></td>
<td>等于，比较两个值是否相等</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>!=</code></td>
<td>不等于</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="example">
<h2 class="example">实例</h2>
<div class="example_code">
<div class="hl-main"><span class="hl-comment">#!/usr/bin/python3</span><span class="hl-code">
 
</span><span class="hl-comment"># 程序演示了 == 操作符</span><span class="hl-code">
</span><span class="hl-comment"># 使用数字</span><span class="hl-code">
</span><span class="hl-identifier">print</span><span class="hl-brackets">(</span><span class="hl-number">5</span><span class="hl-code"> == </span><span class="hl-number">6</span><span class="hl-brackets">)</span><span class="hl-code">
</span><span class="hl-comment"># 使用变量</span><span class="hl-code">
</span><span class="hl-identifier">x</span><span class="hl-code"> = </span><span class="hl-number">5</span><span class="hl-code">
</span><span class="hl-identifier">y</span><span class="hl-code"> = </span><span class="hl-number">8</span><span class="hl-code">
</span><span class="hl-identifier">print</span><span class="hl-brackets">(</span><span class="hl-identifier">x</span><span class="hl-code"> == </span><span class="hl-identifier">y</span><span class="hl-brackets">)</span></div>
<button class="copy-code-button" type="button" data-clipboard-text="#!/usr/bin/python3
 
# 程序演示了 == 操作符
# 使用数字
print(5 == 6)
# 使用变量
x = 5
y = 8
print(x == y)" style="display: none;"></button></div>
</div>

<p>
以上实例输出结果：
</p>
<pre class="prettyprint prettyprinted" style=""><span class="kwd">False</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="kwd">False</span><button class="copy-code-button" type="button" data-clipboard-text="False
False
" style="display: none;"></button></pre>
<p>high_low.py文件演示了数字的比较运算：</p>
<div class="example">
<h2 class="example">实例</h2>
<div class="example_code">
<div class="hl-main"><span class="hl-comment">#!/usr/bin/python3 </span><span class="hl-code">
 
</span><span class="hl-comment"># 该实例演示了数字猜谜游戏</span><span class="hl-code">
</span><span class="hl-identifier">number</span><span class="hl-code"> = </span><span class="hl-number">7</span><span class="hl-code">
</span><span class="hl-identifier">guess</span><span class="hl-code"> = -</span><span class="hl-number">1</span><span class="hl-code">
</span><span class="hl-identifier">print</span><span class="hl-brackets">(</span><span class="hl-quotes">"</span><span class="hl-string">数字猜谜游戏!</span><span class="hl-quotes">"</span><span class="hl-brackets">)</span><span class="hl-code">
</span><span class="hl-reserved">while</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-identifier">guess</span><span class="hl-code"> != </span><span class="hl-identifier">number</span><span class="hl-code">:
    </span><span class="hl-identifier">guess</span><span class="hl-code"> = </span><span class="hl-builtin">int</span><span class="hl-brackets">(</span><span class="hl-builtin">input</span><span class="hl-brackets">(</span><span class="hl-quotes">"</span><span class="hl-string">请输入你猜的数字：</span><span class="hl-quotes">"</span><span class="hl-brackets">)</span><span class="hl-brackets">)</span><span class="hl-code">
 
    </span><span class="hl-reserved">if</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-identifier">guess</span><span class="hl-code"> == </span><span class="hl-identifier">number</span><span class="hl-code">:
        </span><span class="hl-identifier">print</span><span class="hl-brackets">(</span><span class="hl-quotes">"</span><span class="hl-string">恭喜，你猜对了！</span><span class="hl-quotes">"</span><span class="hl-brackets">)</span><span class="hl-code">
    </span><span class="hl-reserved">elif</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-identifier">guess</span><span class="hl-code"> &lt; </span><span class="hl-identifier">number</span><span class="hl-code">:
        </span><span class="hl-identifier">print</span><span class="hl-brackets">(</span><span class="hl-quotes">"</span><span class="hl-string">猜的数字小了...</span><span class="hl-quotes">"</span><span class="hl-brackets">)</span><span class="hl-code">
    </span><span class="hl-reserved">elif</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-identifier">guess</span><span class="hl-code"> &gt; </span><span class="hl-identifier">number</span><span class="hl-code">:
        </span><span class="hl-identifier">print</span><span class="hl-brackets">(</span><span class="hl-quotes">"</span><span class="hl-string">猜的数字大了...</span><span class="hl-quotes">"</span><span class="hl-brackets">)</span></div>
<button class="copy-code-button" type="button" data-clipboard-text="#!/usr/bin/python3 
 
# 该实例演示了数字猜谜游戏
number = 7
guess = -1
print(&quot;数字猜谜游戏!&quot;)
while guess != number:
    guess = int(input(&quot;请输入你猜的数字：&quot;))
 
    if guess == number:
        print(&quot;恭喜，你猜对了！&quot;)
    elif guess &lt; number:
        print(&quot;猜的数字小了...&quot;)
    elif guess &gt; number:
        print(&quot;猜的数字大了...&quot;)" style="display: none;"></button></div>
</div>

<p>
执行以上脚本，实例输出结果如下：
</p>
<pre class="prettyprint prettyprinted" style=""><span class="pln">$ python3 high_low</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">py 
</span><span class="pun">数字猜谜游戏!</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="pun">请输入你猜的数字：</span><span class="lit">1</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="pun">猜的数字小了...</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="pun">请输入你猜的数字：</span><span class="lit">9</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="pun">猜的数字大了...</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="pun">请输入你猜的数字：</span><span class="lit">7</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="pun">恭喜，你猜对了！</span><button class="copy-code-button" type="button" data-clipboard-text="$ python3 high_low.py 
数字猜谜游戏!
请输入你猜的数字：1
猜的数字小了...
请输入你猜的数字：9
猜的数字大了...
请输入你猜的数字：7
恭喜，你猜对了！
"></button></pre>

<hr>
<h2>if 嵌套</h2>
<p>
在嵌套 if 语句中，可以把 if...elif...else 结构放在另外一个 if...elif...else 结构中。
</p>
<pre class="prettyprint prettyprinted" style=""><span class="kwd">if</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">表达式</span><span class="lit">1</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln">
    </span><span class="pun">语句</span><span class="pln">
    </span><span class="kwd">if</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">表达式</span><span class="lit">2</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln">
        </span><span class="pun">语句</span><span class="pln">
    </span><span class="kwd">elif</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">表达式</span><span class="lit">3</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln">
        </span><span class="pun">语句</span><span class="pln">
    </span><span class="kwd">else</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln">
        </span><span class="pun">语句</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="kwd">elif</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">表达式</span><span class="lit">4</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln">
    </span><span class="pun">语句</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="kwd">else</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln">
    </span><span class="pun">语句</span><button class="copy-code-button" type="button" data-clipboard-text="if 表达式1:
    语句
    if 表达式2:
        语句
    elif 表达式3:
        语句
    else:
        语句
elif 表达式4:
    语句
else:
    语句
" style="display: none;"></button></pre>
<div class="example">
<h2 class="example">实例</h2>
<div class="example_code">
<div class="hl-main"><span class="hl-comment"># !/usr/bin/python3</span><span class="hl-code">
 
</span><span class="hl-identifier">num</span><span class="hl-code">=</span><span class="hl-builtin">int</span><span class="hl-brackets">(</span><span class="hl-builtin">input</span><span class="hl-brackets">(</span><span class="hl-quotes">"</span><span class="hl-string">输入一个数字：</span><span class="hl-quotes">"</span><span class="hl-brackets">)</span><span class="hl-brackets">)</span><span class="hl-code">
</span><span class="hl-reserved">if</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-identifier">num</span><span class="hl-code">%</span><span class="hl-number">2</span><span class="hl-code">==</span><span class="hl-number">0</span><span class="hl-code">:
    </span><span class="hl-reserved">if</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-identifier">num</span><span class="hl-code">%</span><span class="hl-number">3</span><span class="hl-code">==</span><span class="hl-number">0</span><span class="hl-code">:
        </span><span class="hl-identifier">print</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-brackets">(</span><span class="hl-quotes">"</span><span class="hl-string">你输入的数字可以整除 2 和 3</span><span class="hl-quotes">"</span><span class="hl-brackets">)</span><span class="hl-code">
    </span><span class="hl-reserved">else</span><span class="hl-code">:
        </span><span class="hl-identifier">print</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-brackets">(</span><span class="hl-quotes">"</span><span class="hl-string">你输入的数字可以整除 2，但不能整除 3</span><span class="hl-quotes">"</span><span class="hl-brackets">)</span><span class="hl-code">
</span><span class="hl-reserved">else</span><span class="hl-code">:
    </span><span class="hl-reserved">if</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-identifier">num</span><span class="hl-code">%</span><span class="hl-number">3</span><span class="hl-code">==</span><span class="hl-number">0</span><span class="hl-code">:
        </span><span class="hl-identifier">print</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-brackets">(</span><span class="hl-quotes">"</span><span class="hl-string">你输入的数字可以整除 3，但不能整除 2</span><span class="hl-quotes">"</span><span class="hl-brackets">)</span><span class="hl-code">
    </span><span class="hl-reserved">else</span><span class="hl-code">:
        </span><span class="hl-identifier">print</span><span class="hl-code">  </span><span class="hl-brackets">(</span><span class="hl-quotes">"</span><span class="hl-string">你输入的数字不能整除 2 和 3</span><span class="hl-quotes">"</span><span class="hl-brackets">)</span></div>
<button class="copy-code-button" type="button" data-clipboard-text="# !/usr/bin/python3
 
num=int(input(&quot;输入一个数字：&quot;))
if num%2==0:
    if num%3==0:
        print (&quot;你输入的数字可以整除 2 和 3&quot;)
    else:
        print (&quot;你输入的数字可以整除 2，但不能整除 3&quot;)
else:
    if num%3==0:
        print (&quot;你输入的数字可以整除 3，但不能整除 2&quot;)
    else:
        print  (&quot;你输入的数字不能整除 2 和 3&quot;)" style="display: none;"></button></div>
</div>

<p>将以上程序保存到 test_if.py  文件中，执行后输出结果为：</p>
<pre class="prettyprint prettyprinted" style=""><span class="pln">$ python3 test</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">py 
</span><span class="pun">输入一个数字：</span><span class="lit">6</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="pun">你输入的数字可以整除</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="lit">2</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">和</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="lit">3</span><button class="copy-code-button" type="button" data-clipboard-text="$ python3 test.py 
输入一个数字：6
你输入的数字可以整除 2 和 3
" style="display: none;"></button></pre>

<hr>
<h2>match...case</h2>
<p>
Python 3.10 增加了<span class="marked"> match...case</span> 的条件判断，不需要再使用一连串的 <span class="marked">if-else</span> 来判断了。
</p>
<p>match 后的对象会依次与 case 后的内容进行匹配，如果匹配成功，则执行匹配到的表达式，否则直接跳过，<span class="marked">_</span> 可以匹配一切。</p>
<p>语法格式如下：</p>
<pre class="prettyprint prettyprinted" style=""><span class="pln">match subject</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln">
    </span><span class="kwd">case</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="str">&lt;pattern_1&gt;</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln">
        </span><span class="str">&lt;action_1&gt;</span><span class="pln">
    </span><span class="kwd">case</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="str">&lt;pattern_2&gt;</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln">
        </span><span class="str">&lt;action_2&gt;</span><span class="pln">
    </span><span class="kwd">case</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="str">&lt;pattern_3&gt;</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln">
        </span><span class="str">&lt;action_3&gt;</span><span class="pln">
    </span><span class="kwd">case</span><span class="pln"> _</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln">
        </span><span class="str">&lt;action_wildcard&gt;</span><button class="copy-code-button" type="button" data-clipboard-text="match subject:
    case &lt;pattern_1&gt;:
        &lt;action_1&gt;
    case &lt;pattern_2&gt;:
        &lt;action_2&gt;
    case &lt;pattern_3&gt;:
        &lt;action_3&gt;
    case _:
        &lt;action_wildcard&gt;" style="display: none;"></button></pre><p>
<span class="marked">case _:</span> 类似于 C 和 Java 中的 <span class="marked">default:</span>，当其他 case 都无法匹配时，匹配这条，保证永远会匹配成功。</p>


<div class="example"><h2 class="example">实例</h2> <div class="example_code">
<br>
<span style="color: Green;font-weight:bold;">def</span> http_error<span style="color: Olive;">(</span>status<span style="color: Olive;">)</span>:<br>
&nbsp; &nbsp; match status:<br>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; case <span style="color: Maroon;">400</span>:<br>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <span style="color: Green;font-weight:bold;">return</span> <span style="color: #a11;">"Bad request"</span><br>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; case <span style="color: Maroon;">404</span>:<br>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <span style="color: Green;font-weight:bold;">return</span> <span style="color: #a11;">"Not found"</span><br>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; case <span style="color: Maroon;">418</span>:<br>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <span style="color: Green;font-weight:bold;">return</span> <span style="color: #a11;">"I'm a teapot"</span><br>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; case _:<br>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <span style="color: Green;font-weight:bold;">return</span> <span style="color: #a11;">"Something's wrong with the internet"</span><br>
<br>
mystatus<span style="color: Gray;">=</span><span style="color: Maroon;">400</span><br>
<span style="color: Green;font-weight:bold;">print</span><span style="color: Olive;">(</span>http_error<span style="color: Olive;">(</span><span style="color: Maroon;">400</span><span style="color: Olive;">)</span><span style="color: Olive;">)</span><br>
<button class="copy-code-button" type="button" data-clipboard-text="def http_error(status):
    match status:
        case 400:
            return &quot;Bad request&quot;
        case 404:
            return &quot;Not found&quot;
        case 418:
            return &quot;I&#39;m a teapot&quot;
        case _:
            return &quot;Something&#39;s wrong with the internet&quot;

mystatus=400
print(http_error(400))" style="display: none;"></button></div></div>
<p>以上是一个输出 HTTP 状态码的实例，输出结果为：</p>
<pre class="prettyprint prettyprinted" style=""><span class="typ">Bad</span><span class="pln"> request</span><button class="copy-code-button" type="button" data-clipboard-text="Bad request"></button></pre><p>
一个 case 也可以设置多个匹配条件，条件使用 <span class="marked">｜</span> 隔开，例如：</p>
<pre class="prettyprint prettyprinted" style=""><span class="pun">...</span><span class="pln">
    </span><span class="kwd">case</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="lit">401</span><span class="pun">|</span><span class="lit">403</span><span class="pun">|</span><span class="lit">404</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln">
        </span><span class="kwd">return</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="str">"Not allowed"</span><button class="copy-code-button" type="button" data-clipboard-text="...
    case 401|403|404:
        return &quot;Not allowed&quot;"></button></pre>
<p><span class="marked">match...case</span> 更多内容参考：<a href="https://www.runoob.com/python3/python-match-case.html" rel="noopener" target="_blank">Python match-case 语句</a>
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		<li class="comment even thread-even depth-1" id="comment-10556"><span class="comt-f">#0</span><div class="comt-avatar wrapper"><i style="font-size:36px;" class="fa fa-user-circle" aria-hidden="true"></i><div class="tooltip"><p><i class="fa fa-user" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;小奈</p><p><i class="fa fa-envelope" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;734***009@qq.com</p></div><div id="runoobvote-id-10556" data-commid="10556" class="upvotejs upvotejs-enabled"><a class="upvote"></a> <span class="count">87</span></div></div><div class="comt-main" id="div-comment-10556"><p>以下实例 x 为 0-99 取一个数，y 为 0-199 取一个数,如果 x&gt;y 则输出 x，如果 x 等于 y 则输出 x+y，否则输出y。</p>
<pre class="prettyprint prettyprinted" style=""><span class="com">#!/usr/bin/python3</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="kwd">import</span><span class="pln"> random

x </span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="pln"> random</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">choice</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="pln">range</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="lit">100</span><span class="pun">))</span><span class="pln">
y </span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="pln"> random</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">choice</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="pln">range</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="lit">200</span><span class="pun">))</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="kwd">if</span><span class="pln"> x </span><span class="pun">&gt;</span><span class="pln"> y</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln">
    </span><span class="kwd">print</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="str">'x:'</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="pln">x</span><span class="pun">)</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="kwd">elif</span><span class="pln"> x </span><span class="pun">==</span><span class="pln"> y</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln">
    </span><span class="kwd">print</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="str">'x+y:'</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="pln"> x </span><span class="pun">+</span><span class="pln"> y</span><span class="pun">)</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="kwd">else</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln">
    </span><span class="kwd">print</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="str">'y:'</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="pln">y</span><span class="pun">)</span><button class="copy-code-button" type="button" data-clipboard-text="#!/usr/bin/python3
import random

x = random.choice(range(100))
y = random.choice(range(200))
if x &gt; y:
    print(&#39;x:&#39;,x)
elif x == y:
    print(&#39;x+y:&#39;, x + y)
else:
    print(&#39;y:&#39;,y)
"></button></pre><div class="comt-meta wrapper"><span class="comt-author"><a target="_blank" href="javascript:;">小奈</a><div class="tooltip tooltip1"><p><i class="fa fa-user" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;小奈</p><p><i class="fa fa-envelope" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;734***009@qq.com</p></div></span>7年前 (2017-03-30)</div></div></li><!-- #comment-## -->
<li class="comment odd alt thread-odd thread-alt depth-1" id="comment-12954"><span class="comt-f">#0</span><div class="comt-avatar wrapper"><i style="font-size:36px;" class="fa fa-user-circle" aria-hidden="true"></i><div class="tooltip"><p><i class="fa fa-user" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;kein</p><p><i class="fa fa-envelope" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;201***63.com</p></div><div id="runoobvote-id-12954" data-commid="12954" class="upvotejs upvotejs-enabled"><a class="upvote"></a> <span class="count">96</span></div></div><div class="comt-main" id="div-comment-12954"><pre class="prettyprint prettyprinted" style=""><span class="com">#!/usr/bin/python3</span><span class="pln">

</span><span class="str">"""对上面例子的一个扩展"""</span><span class="pln">

</span><span class="kwd">print</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="str">"=======欢迎进入狗狗年龄对比系统========"</span><span class="pun">)</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="kwd">while</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">True</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln">
    </span><span class="kwd">try</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln">
        age </span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">int</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="pln">input</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="str">"请输入您家狗的年龄:"</span><span class="pun">))</span><span class="pln">
        </span><span class="kwd">print</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="str">" "</span><span class="pun">)</span><span class="pln">
        age </span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">float</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="pln">age</span><span class="pun">)</span><span class="pln">
        </span><span class="kwd">if</span><span class="pln"> age </span><span class="pun">&lt;</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="lit">0</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln">
            </span><span class="kwd">print</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="str">"您在逗我？"</span><span class="pun">)</span><span class="pln">
        </span><span class="kwd">elif</span><span class="pln"> age </span><span class="pun">==</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="lit">1</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln">
            </span><span class="kwd">print</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="str">"相当于人类14岁"</span><span class="pun">)</span><span class="pln">
            </span><span class="kwd">break</span><span class="pln">
        </span><span class="kwd">elif</span><span class="pln"> age </span><span class="pun">==</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="lit">2</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln">
            </span><span class="kwd">print</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="str">"相当于人类22岁"</span><span class="pun">)</span><span class="pln">
            </span><span class="kwd">break</span><span class="pln">
        </span><span class="kwd">else</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln">
            human </span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="lit">22</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">+</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="pln">age </span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="lit">2</span><span class="pun">)*</span><span class="lit">5</span><span class="pln">
            </span><span class="kwd">print</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="str">"相当于人类："</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="pln">human</span><span class="pun">)</span><span class="pln">
            </span><span class="kwd">break</span><span class="pln">
    </span><span class="kwd">except</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="typ">ValueError</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln">
        </span><span class="kwd">print</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="str">"输入不合法，请输入有效年龄"</span><span class="pun">)</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="com">###退出提示</span><span class="pln">
input</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="str">"点击 enter 键退出"</span><span class="pun">)</span><button class="copy-code-button" type="button" data-clipboard-text="#!/usr/bin/python3

&quot;&quot;&quot;对上面例子的一个扩展&quot;&quot;&quot;

print(&quot;=======欢迎进入狗狗年龄对比系统========&quot;)
while True:
    try:
        age = int(input(&quot;请输入您家狗的年龄:&quot;))
        print(&quot; &quot;)
        age = float(age)
        if age &lt; 0:
            print(&quot;您在逗我？&quot;)
        elif age == 1:
            print(&quot;相当于人类14岁&quot;)
            break
        elif age == 2:
            print(&quot;相当于人类22岁&quot;)
            break
        else:
            human = 22 + (age - 2)*5
            print(&quot;相当于人类：&quot;,human)
            break
    except ValueError:
        print(&quot;输入不合法，请输入有效年龄&quot;)
###退出提示
input(&quot;点击 enter 键退出&quot;)
"></button></pre><div class="comt-meta wrapper"><span class="comt-author"><a target="_blank" href="javascript:;">kein</a><div class="tooltip tooltip1"><p><i class="fa fa-user" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;kein</p><p><i class="fa fa-envelope" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;201***63.com</p></div></span>7年前 (2017-06-14)</div></div></li><!-- #comment-## -->
<li class="comment even thread-even depth-1" id="comment-16045"><span class="comt-f">#0</span><div class="comt-avatar wrapper"><i style="font-size:36px;" class="fa fa-user-circle" aria-hidden="true"></i><div class="tooltip"><p><i class="fa fa-user" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;阿科</p><p><i class="fa fa-envelope" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;121***125@qq.com</p></div><div id="runoobvote-id-16045" data-commid="16045" class="upvotejs upvotejs-enabled"><a class="upvote"></a> <span class="count">51</span></div></div><div class="comt-main" id="div-comment-16045"><p>数字猜谜游戏优化</p>

<pre class="prettyprint prettyprinted" style=""><span class="kwd">print</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="str">'二、数字猜谜游戏'</span><span class="pun">)</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="kwd">print</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="str">'数字猜谜游戏！'</span><span class="pun">)</span><span class="pln">

a </span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="lit">1</span><span class="pln">
i </span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="lit">0</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="kwd">while</span><span class="pln"> a </span><span class="pun">!=</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="lit">20</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln">
   a </span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">int</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="pln">input </span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="str">'请输入你猜的数字：'</span><span class="pun">))</span><span class="pln">
   i </span><span class="pun">+=</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="lit">1</span><span class="pln">    
   </span><span class="kwd">if</span><span class="pln"> a </span><span class="pun">==</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="lit">20</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln">
      </span><span class="kwd">if</span><span class="pln"> i</span><span class="pun">&lt;</span><span class="lit">3</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln">
         </span><span class="kwd">print</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="str">'真厉害，这么快就猜对了！'</span><span class="pun">)</span><span class="pln">
      </span><span class="kwd">else</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln">
         </span><span class="kwd">print</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="str">'总算猜对了，恭喜恭喜！'</span><span class="pun">)</span><span class="pln">
   </span><span class="kwd">elif</span><span class="pln"> a </span><span class="pun">&lt;</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="lit">20</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln">
      </span><span class="kwd">print</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="str">'你猜的数字小了，不要灰心，继续努力！'</span><span class="pun">)</span><span class="pln">
   </span><span class="kwd">else</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln">
      </span><span class="kwd">print</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="str">'你猜的数字大了，不要灰心，继续加油！'</span><span class="pun">)</span><button class="copy-code-button" type="button" data-clipboard-text="print(&#39;二、数字猜谜游戏&#39;)
print(&#39;数字猜谜游戏！&#39;)

a = 1
i = 0
while a != 20:
   a = int (input (&#39;请输入你猜的数字：&#39;))
   i += 1    
   if a == 20:
      if i&lt;3:
         print(&#39;真厉害，这么快就猜对了！&#39;)
      else :
         print(&#39;总算猜对了，恭喜恭喜！&#39;)
   elif a &lt; 20:
      print(&#39;你猜的数字小了，不要灰心，继续努力！&#39;)
   else :
      print(&#39;你猜的数字大了，不要灰心，继续加油！&#39;)"></button></pre><div class="comt-meta wrapper"><span class="comt-author"><a target="_blank" href="javascript:;">阿科</a><div class="tooltip tooltip1"><p><i class="fa fa-user" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;阿科</p><p><i class="fa fa-envelope" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;121***125@qq.com</p></div></span>7年前 (2017-08-09)</div></div></li><!-- #comment-## -->
<li class="comment odd alt thread-odd thread-alt depth-1" id="comment-26355"><span class="comt-f">#0</span><div class="comt-avatar wrapper"><i style="font-size:36px;" class="fa fa-user-circle" aria-hidden="true"></i><div class="tooltip"><p><i class="fa fa-user" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;小叶</p><p><i class="fa fa-envelope" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;shi***0415@163.com</p></div><div id="runoobvote-id-26355" data-commid="26355" class="upvotejs upvotejs-enabled"><a class="upvote"></a> <span class="count">42</span></div></div><div class="comt-main" id="div-comment-26355"><pre class="prettyprint prettyprinted" style=""><span class="com">#!/usr/bin/python3</span><span class="pln">

</span><span class="com"># 继续扩展，加入用户提示判断是否退出还是继续</span><span class="pln">

</span><span class="kwd">print</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="str">"=======欢迎进入狗狗年龄对比系统========"</span><span class="pun">)</span><span class="pln">
control </span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="str">"N"</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="kwd">while</span><span class="pln"> control</span><span class="pun">==</span><span class="str">"N"</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln">
    </span><span class="kwd">try</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln">
        age </span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">int</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="pln">input</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="str">"请输入您家狗的年龄:"</span><span class="pun">))</span><span class="pln">
        </span><span class="com">#print(" ")</span><span class="pln">
        age </span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">float</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="pln">age</span><span class="pun">)</span><span class="pln">
        </span><span class="kwd">if</span><span class="pln"> age </span><span class="pun">&lt;</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="lit">0</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln">
            </span><span class="kwd">print</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="str">"您在逗我？"</span><span class="pun">)</span><span class="pln">
        </span><span class="kwd">elif</span><span class="pln"> age </span><span class="pun">==</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="lit">1</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln">
            </span><span class="kwd">print</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="str">"相当于人类14岁"</span><span class="pun">)</span><span class="pln">
            </span><span class="com">#break</span><span class="pln">
        </span><span class="kwd">elif</span><span class="pln"> age </span><span class="pun">==</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="lit">2</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln">
            </span><span class="kwd">print</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="str">"相当于人类22岁"</span><span class="pun">)</span><span class="pln">
            </span><span class="com">#break</span><span class="pln">
        </span><span class="kwd">else</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln">
            human </span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="lit">22</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">+</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="pln">age </span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="lit">2</span><span class="pun">)*</span><span class="lit">5</span><span class="pln">
            </span><span class="kwd">print</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="str">"相当于人类："</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="pln">human</span><span class="pun">)</span><span class="pln">
            </span><span class="com">#break</span><span class="pln">
    </span><span class="kwd">except</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="typ">ValueError</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln">
        </span><span class="kwd">print</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="str">"输入不合法，请输入有效年龄"</span><span class="pun">)</span><span class="pln">
    </span><span class="kwd">print</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="str">""</span><span class="pun">)</span><span class="pln">
    control </span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="pln"> input</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="str">"退出(Y/N)？"</span><span class="pun">)</span><span class="pln">
    </span><span class="kwd">print</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="str">""</span><span class="pun">)</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="com">###退出提示</span><span class="pln">
input</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="str">"点击 enter 键退出"</span><span class="pun">)</span><button class="copy-code-button" type="button" data-clipboard-text="#!/usr/bin/python3

# 继续扩展，加入用户提示判断是否退出还是继续

print(&quot;=======欢迎进入狗狗年龄对比系统========&quot;)
control = &quot;N&quot;
while control==&quot;N&quot;:
    try:
        age = int(input(&quot;请输入您家狗的年龄:&quot;))
        #print(&quot; &quot;)
        age = float(age)
        if age &lt; 0:
            print(&quot;您在逗我？&quot;)
        elif age == 1:
            print(&quot;相当于人类14岁&quot;)
            #break
        elif age == 2:
            print(&quot;相当于人类22岁&quot;)
            #break
        else:
            human = 22 + (age - 2)*5
            print(&quot;相当于人类：&quot;,human)
            #break
    except ValueError:
        print(&quot;输入不合法，请输入有效年龄&quot;)
    print(&quot;&quot;)
    control = input(&quot;退出(Y/N)？&quot;)
    print(&quot;&quot;)
###退出提示
input(&quot;点击 enter 键退出&quot;)"></button></pre><div class="comt-meta wrapper"><span class="comt-author"><a target="_blank" href="javascript:;">小叶</a><div class="tooltip tooltip1"><p><i class="fa fa-user" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;小叶</p><p><i class="fa fa-envelope" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;shi***0415@163.com</p></div></span>6年前 (2018-04-16)</div></div></li><!-- #comment-## -->
<li class="comment even thread-even depth-1" id="comment-26555"><span class="comt-f">#0</span><div class="comt-avatar wrapper"><i style="font-size:36px;" class="fa fa-user-circle" aria-hidden="true"></i><div class="tooltip"><p><i class="fa fa-user" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;米老鼠</p><p><i class="fa fa-envelope" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;468***534@qq.com</p></div><div id="runoobvote-id-26555" data-commid="26555" class="upvotejs upvotejs-enabled"><a class="upvote"></a> <span class="count">48</span></div></div><div class="comt-main" id="div-comment-26555"><p>条件为假：<span class="marked">0</span>, <span class="marked">false</span>, <span class="marked">''</span>, <span class="marked">None</span>, 例子如下：</p>

<pre class="prettyprint prettyprinted" style=""><span class="pun">&gt;&gt;&gt;</span><span class="pln"> a</span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="lit">0</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="pun">&gt;&gt;&gt;</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">if</span><span class="pln"> a</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="pun">...</span><span class="pln">     </span><span class="kwd">print</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="lit">11</span><span class="pun">)</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="pun">...</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">else</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="pun">...</span><span class="pln">     </span><span class="kwd">print</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="lit">22</span><span class="pun">)</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="pun">...</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="lit">22</span><span class="pln">

</span><span class="pun">&gt;&gt;&gt;</span><span class="pln"> a</span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="kwd">None</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="pun">&gt;&gt;&gt;</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">if</span><span class="pln"> a</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="pun">...</span><span class="pln">     </span><span class="kwd">print</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="lit">11</span><span class="pun">)</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="pun">...</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">else</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="pun">...</span><span class="pln">     </span><span class="kwd">print</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="lit">22</span><span class="pun">)</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="pun">...</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="lit">22</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="pun">&gt;&gt;&gt;</span><button class="copy-code-button" type="button" data-clipboard-text="&gt;&gt;&gt; a=0
&gt;&gt;&gt; if a:
...     print(11)
... else:
...     print(22)
...
22

&gt;&gt;&gt; a=None
&gt;&gt;&gt; if a:
...     print(11)
... else:
...     print(22)
...
22
&gt;&gt;&gt;"></button></pre>

<p>条件为真：<strong>不为 0</strong>, <span class="marked">True</span>, <span class="marked">'None'</span>, <strong>字符串不为空串</strong></p>

<pre class="prettyprint prettyprinted" style=""><span class="pun">&gt;&gt;&gt;</span><span class="pln"> a</span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="lit">2</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="pun">&gt;&gt;&gt;</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">if</span><span class="pln"> a</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="pun">...</span><span class="pln">     </span><span class="kwd">print</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="lit">11</span><span class="pun">)</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="pun">...</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">else</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="pun">...</span><span class="pln">     </span><span class="kwd">print</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="lit">22</span><span class="pun">)</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="pun">...</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="lit">11</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="pun">&gt;&gt;&gt;</span><span class="pln"> a</span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="str">"None"</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="pun">&gt;&gt;&gt;</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">if</span><span class="pln"> a</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="pun">...</span><span class="pln">     </span><span class="kwd">print</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="lit">11</span><span class="pun">)</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="pun">...</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">else</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="pun">...</span><span class="pln">     </span><span class="kwd">print</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="lit">22</span><span class="pun">)</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="pun">...</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="lit">11</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="pun">&gt;&gt;&gt;</span><span class="pln"> a</span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="str">'bbbb'</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="pun">&gt;&gt;&gt;</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">if</span><span class="pln"> a</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="pun">...</span><span class="pln">     </span><span class="kwd">print</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="lit">11</span><span class="pun">)</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="pun">...</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">else</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="pun">...</span><span class="pln">     </span><span class="kwd">print</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="lit">22</span><span class="pun">)</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="pun">...</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="lit">11</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="pun">&gt;&gt;&gt;</span><button class="copy-code-button" type="button" data-clipboard-text="&gt;&gt;&gt; a=2
&gt;&gt;&gt; if a:
...     print(11)
... else:
...     print(22)
...
11
&gt;&gt;&gt; a=&quot;None&quot;
&gt;&gt;&gt; if a:
...     print(11)
... else:
...     print(22)
...
11
&gt;&gt;&gt; a=&#39;bbbb&#39;
&gt;&gt;&gt; if a:
...     print(11)
... else:
...     print(22)
...
11
&gt;&gt;&gt;"></button></pre><div class="comt-meta wrapper"><span class="comt-author"><a target="_blank" href="javascript:;">米老鼠</a><div class="tooltip tooltip1"><p><i class="fa fa-user" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;米老鼠</p><p><i class="fa fa-envelope" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;468***534@qq.com</p></div></span>6年前 (2018-04-22)</div></div></li><!-- #comment-## -->
<li class="comment odd alt thread-odd thread-alt depth-1" id="comment-28612"><span class="comt-f">#0</span><div class="comt-avatar wrapper"><i style="font-size:36px;" class="fa fa-user-circle" aria-hidden="true"></i><div class="tooltip"><p><i class="fa fa-user" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;JIECAO</p><p><i class="fa fa-envelope" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;shi***lingmail@vip.qq.com</p></div><div id="runoobvote-id-28612" data-commid="28612" class="upvotejs upvotejs-enabled"><a class="upvote"></a> <span class="count">44</span></div></div><div class="comt-main" id="div-comment-28612"><p data-title="Python BMI 计算">使用判断语句来实现  BMI 的计算。</p>
<p>BMI 指数（即身体质量指数，简称体质指数又称体重，英文为 Body Mass Index，简称BMI），是用体重公斤数除以身高米数平方得出的数字</p>
<pre class="prettyprint prettyprinted" style=""><span class="com">#!/usr/bin/env python3</span><span class="pln">

</span><span class="kwd">print</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="str">'----欢迎使用BMI计算程序----'</span><span class="pun">)</span><span class="pln">
name</span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="pln">input</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="str">'请键入您的姓名:'</span><span class="pun">)</span><span class="pln">
height</span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="kwd">eval</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="pln">input</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="str">'请键入您的身高(m):'</span><span class="pun">))</span><span class="pln">
weight</span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="kwd">eval</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="pln">input</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="str">'请键入您的体重(kg):'</span><span class="pun">))</span><span class="pln">
gender</span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="pln">input</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="str">'请键入你的性别(F/M)'</span><span class="pun">)</span><span class="pln">
BMI</span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="kwd">float</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="kwd">float</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="pln">weight</span><span class="pun">)/(</span><span class="kwd">float</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="pln">height</span><span class="pun">)**</span><span class="lit">2</span><span class="pun">))</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="com">#公式</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="kwd">if</span><span class="pln"> BMI</span><span class="pun">&lt;=</span><span class="lit">18.4</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln">
    </span><span class="kwd">print</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="str">'姓名:'</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="pln">name</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="str">'身体状态:偏瘦'</span><span class="pun">)</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="kwd">elif</span><span class="pln"> BMI</span><span class="pun">&lt;=</span><span class="lit">23.9</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln">
    </span><span class="kwd">print</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="str">'姓名:'</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="pln">name</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="str">'身体状态:正常'</span><span class="pun">)</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="kwd">elif</span><span class="pln"> BMI</span><span class="pun">&lt;=</span><span class="lit">27.9</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln">
    </span><span class="kwd">print</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="str">'姓名:'</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="pln">name</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="str">'身体状态:超重'</span><span class="pun">)</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="kwd">elif</span><span class="pln"> BMI</span><span class="pun">&gt;=</span><span class="lit">28</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln">
    </span><span class="kwd">print</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="str">'姓名:'</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="pln">name</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="str">'身体状态:肥胖'</span><span class="pun">)</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="kwd">import</span><span class="pln"> time</span><span class="pun">;</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="com">#time模块</span><span class="pln">
nowtime</span><span class="pun">=(</span><span class="pln">time</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">asctime</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="pln">time</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">localtime</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="pln">time</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">time</span><span class="pun">())))</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="kwd">if</span><span class="pln"> gender</span><span class="pun">==</span><span class="str">'F'</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln">
    </span><span class="kwd">print</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="str">'感谢'</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="pln">name</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="str">'女士在'</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="pln">nowtime</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="str">'使用本程序,祝您身体健康!'</span><span class="pun">)</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="kwd">if</span><span class="pln"> gender</span><span class="pun">==</span><span class="str">'M'</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln">
    </span><span class="kwd">print</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="str">'感谢'</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="pln">name</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="str">'先生在'</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="pln">nowtime</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="str">'使用本程序,祝您身体健康!'</span><span class="pun">)</span><button class="copy-code-button" type="button" data-clipboard-text="#!/usr/bin/env python3

print(&#39;----欢迎使用BMI计算程序----&#39;)
name=input(&#39;请键入您的姓名:&#39;)
height=eval(input(&#39;请键入您的身高(m):&#39;))
weight=eval(input(&#39;请键入您的体重(kg):&#39;))
gender=input(&#39;请键入你的性别(F/M)&#39;)
BMI=float(float(weight)/(float(height)**2))
#公式
if BMI&lt;=18.4:
    print(&#39;姓名:&#39;,name,&#39;身体状态:偏瘦&#39;)
elif BMI&lt;=23.9:
    print(&#39;姓名:&#39;,name,&#39;身体状态:正常&#39;)
elif BMI&lt;=27.9:
    print(&#39;姓名:&#39;,name,&#39;身体状态:超重&#39;)
elif BMI&gt;=28:
    print(&#39;姓名:&#39;,name,&#39;身体状态:肥胖&#39;)
import time;
#time模块
nowtime=(time.asctime(time.localtime(time.time())))
if gender==&#39;F&#39;:
    print(&#39;感谢&#39;,name,&#39;女士在&#39;,nowtime,&#39;使用本程序,祝您身体健康!&#39;)
if gender==&#39;M&#39;:
    print(&#39;感谢&#39;,name,&#39;先生在&#39;,nowtime,&#39;使用本程序,祝您身体健康!&#39;)"></button></pre><div class="comt-meta wrapper"><span class="comt-author"><a target="_blank" href="https://www.runoob.com/note/28612">JIECAO</a><div class="tooltip tooltip1"><p><i class="fa fa-user" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;JIECAO</p><p><i class="fa fa-envelope" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;shi***lingmail@vip.qq.com</p></div></span>6年前 (2018-06-21)</div></div></li><!-- #comment-## -->
<li class="comment even thread-even depth-1" id="comment-28793"><span class="comt-f">#0</span><div class="comt-avatar wrapper"><i style="font-size:36px;" class="fa fa-user-circle" aria-hidden="true"></i><div class="tooltip"><p><i class="fa fa-user" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;babeimi</p><p><i class="fa fa-envelope" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;xia***i3941@hotmail.com</p><p><i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i> <a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="https://www.jianshu.com/p/55a4ed7d5787">&nbsp;&nbsp;参考地址</a></p></div><div id="runoobvote-id-28793" data-commid="28793" class="upvotejs upvotejs-enabled"><a class="upvote"></a> <span class="count">96</span></div></div><div class="comt-main" id="div-comment-28793"><p data-title="Python true(真) 和 false(假)判断" data-commid="26555">下表列出了不同数值类型的 true 和 false 情况：</p>
<table class="reference">
<thead>
<tr>
<th style="text-align:center">类型</th>
<th style="text-align:center">False</th>
<th style="text-align:center">True</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">布尔</td>
<td style="text-align:center">False(与0等价)</td>
<td style="text-align:center">True(与1等价)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">数值</td>
<td style="text-align:center">0, &nbsp;&nbsp;0.0</td>
<td style="text-align:center">非零的数值</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">字符串</td>
<td style="text-align:center">'',&nbsp;&nbsp;""(空字符串)</td>
<td style="text-align:center">非空字符串</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">容器</td>
<td style="text-align:center">[],&nbsp;&nbsp;(),&nbsp;&nbsp;{},&nbsp;&nbsp;set()</td>
<td style="text-align:center">至少有一个元素的容器对象</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">None</td>
<td style="text-align:center">None</td>
<td style="text-align:center">非None对象</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table><div class="comt-meta wrapper"><span class="comt-author"><a target="_blank" href="https://www.runoob.com/note/28793">babeimi</a><div class="tooltip tooltip1"><p><i class="fa fa-user" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;babeimi</p><p><i class="fa fa-envelope" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;xia***i3941@hotmail.com</p><p><i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i> <a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="https://www.jianshu.com/p/55a4ed7d5787">&nbsp;&nbsp;参考地址</a></p></div></span>6年前 (2018-06-27)</div></div></li><!-- #comment-## -->
<li class="comment byuser comment-author-tianqixin bypostauthor odd alt thread-odd thread-alt depth-1" id="comment-29486"><span class="comt-f">#0</span><div class="comt-avatar wrapper"><i style="font-size:36px;" class="fa fa-user-circle" aria-hidden="true"></i><div class="tooltip"><p><i class="fa fa-user" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Yuanlgone</p><p><i class="fa fa-envelope" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;183***68730@163.com</p></div><div id="runoobvote-id-29486" data-commid="29486" class="upvotejs upvotejs-enabled"><a class="upvote"></a> <span class="count">46</span></div></div><div class="comt-main" id="div-comment-29486"><p><strong>if 的两种格式:</strong></p>

<p>可以括号限定代码域，加强代码可读性。</p>

<pre class="prettyprint prettyprinted" style=""><span class="pln">name </span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="str">"pag"</span><span class="pln">

</span><span class="kwd">if</span><span class="pln"> name </span><span class="pun">==</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="str">"pag"</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln">
  </span><span class="kwd">print</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="pln">name</span><span class="pun">==</span><span class="str">"pag"</span><span class="pun">)</span><span class="pln">   </span><span class="com"># True</span><span class="pln">

</span><span class="kwd">if</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="pln">name </span><span class="pun">==</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="str">"pag"</span><span class="pun">):{</span><span class="pln">
  </span><span class="kwd">print</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="pln">name </span><span class="pun">==</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="str">"pag"</span><span class="pun">)</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="com"># True</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="pun">}</span><button class="copy-code-button" type="button" data-clipboard-text="name =&quot;pag&quot;

if name == &quot;pag&quot;:
  print(name==&quot;pag&quot;)   # True

if (name == &quot;pag&quot;):{
  print(name == &quot;pag&quot;) # True
}"></button></pre>



<blockquote><p>来着 <span class="marked"><a href="mailto:178592922@qq.com" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc">As000000</a></span> 的解读:</p>
<p>if 可以括号限定代码域，加强代码可读性。</p>

<p>这种说法是不正确的，python 代码块只有缩进。</p>

<p>不妨把花括号里面多加一行，就发现会报错：</p>

<pre class="prettyprint prettyprinted" style=""><span class="kwd">if</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="pln">name </span><span class="pun">==</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="str">"pag"</span><span class="pun">):{</span><span class="pln">
  </span><span class="kwd">print</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="pln">name </span><span class="pun">==</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="str">"pag"</span><span class="pun">)</span><span class="pln">
  </span><span class="kwd">print</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="str">"line 2 of if condition"</span><span class="pun">)</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="pun">}</span><button class="copy-code-button" type="button" data-clipboard-text="if (name == &quot;pag&quot;):{
  print(name == &quot;pag&quot;)
  print(&quot;line 2 of if condition&quot;)
}"></button></pre>
<p>报错信息：</p>
<pre class="prettyprint prettyprinted" style=""><span class="pln">  </span><span class="typ">File</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="str">"test.py"</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="pln"> line </span><span class="lit">4</span><span class="pln">
    </span><span class="kwd">print</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="str">"line 2 of if condition"</span><span class="pun">)</span><span class="pln">
        </span><span class="pun">^</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="typ">SyntaxError</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln"> invalid syntax</span><button class="copy-code-button" type="button" data-clipboard-text="  File &quot;test.py&quot;, line 4
    print(&quot;line 2 of if condition&quot;)
        ^
SyntaxError: invalid syntax"></button></pre>
<p>而 if 后花括号一条 print 语句之所以没报错，是因为花括号括起来的是一个集合，相当于条件为 True 的时候定义一个集合，我们不妨以相似的方式定义两个集合 aa，bb。</p>

<pre class="prettyprint prettyprinted" style=""><span class="pln">name </span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="str">"pag"</span><span class="pln">
aa</span><span class="pun">={</span><span class="kwd">print</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="pln">name </span><span class="pun">==</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="str">"pag"</span><span class="pun">)}</span><span class="pln">
bb</span><span class="pun">={</span><span class="kwd">print</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="pln">name </span><span class="pun">==</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="str">"pag"</span><span class="pun">),</span><span class="str">"BBBB"</span><span class="pun">}</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="kwd">print</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="pln">aa</span><span class="pun">)</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="kwd">print</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="pln">bb</span><span class="pun">)</span><button class="copy-code-button" type="button" data-clipboard-text="name = &quot;pag&quot;
aa={print(name == &quot;pag&quot;)}
bb={print(name == &quot;pag&quot;),&quot;BBBB&quot;}
print(aa)
print(bb)"></button></pre>
<p>输出结果如下：</p>

<pre class="prettyprint prettyprinted" style=""><span class="kwd">True</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="kwd">True</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="pun">{</span><span class="kwd">None</span><span class="pun">}</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="pun">{</span><span class="str">'BBBB'</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">None</span><span class="pun">}</span><button class="copy-code-button" type="button" data-clipboard-text="True
True
{None}
{&#39;BBBB&#39;, None}"></button></pre></blockquote>



<div class="comt-meta wrapper"><span class="comt-author"><a target="_blank" href="javascript:;">Yuanlgone</a><div class="tooltip tooltip1"><p><i class="fa fa-user" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Yuanlgone</p><p><i class="fa fa-envelope" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;183***68730@163.com</p></div></span>6年前 (2018-07-12)</div></div></li><!-- #comment-## -->
<li class="comment even thread-even depth-1" id="comment-35433"><span class="comt-f">#0</span><div class="comt-avatar wrapper"><i style="font-size:36px;" class="fa fa-user-circle" aria-hidden="true"></i><div class="tooltip"><p><i class="fa fa-user" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;存在时间</p><p><i class="fa fa-envelope" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;tsj***o@qq.com</p></div><div id="runoobvote-id-35433" data-commid="35433" class="upvotejs upvotejs-enabled"><a class="upvote"></a> <span class="count">23</span></div></div><div class="comt-main" id="div-comment-35433"><p>取随机数扩展。取随机数直到两数相等，显示取数次数。</p>

<pre class="prettyprint prettyprinted" style=""><span class="kwd">import</span><span class="pln"> random
x </span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="pln"> random</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">choice</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="pln">range</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="lit">100</span><span class="pun">))</span><span class="pln">
y </span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="pln"> random</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">choice</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="pln">range</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="lit">100</span><span class="pun">))</span><span class="pln">
b</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="pln">c </span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="pln"> x</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="pln">y
a </span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="lit">1</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="kwd">print</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="pln">x</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="pln">y</span><span class="pun">)</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="kwd">while</span><span class="pln"> x </span><span class="pun">!=</span><span class="pln"> y</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln">
 </span><span class="kwd">if</span><span class="pln"> x </span><span class="pun">&gt;</span><span class="pln"> y</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln">
    </span><span class="kwd">print</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="str">'x:'</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="pln">x</span><span class="pun">)</span><span class="pln">
 </span><span class="kwd">elif</span><span class="pln"> x </span><span class="pun">==</span><span class="pln"> y</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln">
    </span><span class="kwd">print</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="str">'x+y:'</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="pln"> x </span><span class="pun">+</span><span class="pln"> y</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="str">'totall cal '</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="pln">a</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="str">'times'</span><span class="pun">)</span><span class="pln">
 </span><span class="kwd">else</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln">
    </span><span class="kwd">print</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="str">'y:'</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="pln">y</span><span class="pun">)</span><span class="pln">
 x </span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="pln"> random</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">choice</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="pln">range</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="lit">100</span><span class="pun">))</span><span class="pln">
 y </span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="pln"> random</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">choice</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="pln">range</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="lit">100</span><span class="pun">))</span><span class="pln">
 a </span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="pln"> a</span><span class="pun">+</span><span class="lit">1</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="kwd">print</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="str">'initialized data:'</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="pln">b</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="pln">c</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="str">'x+y:'</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="pln"> x </span><span class="pun">+</span><span class="pln"> y</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="str">'total cal '</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="pln">a</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="str">'times'</span><span class="pun">)</span><button class="copy-code-button" type="button" data-clipboard-text="import random
x = random.choice(range(100))
y = random.choice(range(100))
b,c = x,y
a = 1
print(x,y)
while x != y:
 if x &gt; y:
    print(&#39;x:&#39;,x)
 elif x == y:
    print(&#39;x+y:&#39;, x + y,&#39;totall cal &#39;,a,&#39;times&#39;)
 else:
    print(&#39;y:&#39;,y)
 x = random.choice(range(100))
 y = random.choice(range(100))
 a = a+1
print(&#39;initialized data:&#39;,b,c,&#39;x+y:&#39;, x + y,&#39;total cal &#39;,a,&#39;times&#39;)"></button></pre><div class="comt-meta wrapper"><span class="comt-author"><a target="_blank" href="javascript:;">存在时间</a><div class="tooltip tooltip1"><p><i class="fa fa-user" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;存在时间</p><p><i class="fa fa-envelope" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;tsj***o@qq.com</p></div></span>6年前 (2018-09-27)</div></div></li><!-- #comment-## -->
<li class="comment odd alt thread-odd thread-alt depth-1" id="comment-35469"><span class="comt-f">#0</span><div class="comt-avatar wrapper"><i style="font-size:36px;" class="fa fa-user-circle" aria-hidden="true"></i><div class="tooltip"><p><i class="fa fa-user" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;川河岳</p><p><i class="fa fa-envelope" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;cit***ai@qq.com</p></div><div id="runoobvote-id-35469" data-commid="35469" class="upvotejs upvotejs-enabled"><a class="upvote"></a> <span class="count">114</span></div></div><div class="comt-main" id="div-comment-35469"><p><span class="marked"><a href="https://www.runoob.com/python3/python3-conditional-statements.html#div-comment-35433" rel="nofollow">存在时间</a></span>  楼上的太复杂了，而且 elif 还不会执行到，优化如下：</p>

<pre class="prettyprint prettyprinted" style=""><span class="kwd">import</span><span class="pln"> random
a </span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="lit">0</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="kwd">while</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">True</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln">    
    x </span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="pln"> random</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">choice</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="pln">range</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="lit">100</span><span class="pun">))</span><span class="pln">
    y </span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="pln"> random</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">choice</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="pln">range</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="lit">100</span><span class="pun">))</span><span class="pln">
    a </span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="pln"> a</span><span class="pun">+</span><span class="lit">1</span><span class="pln">    
    </span><span class="kwd">if</span><span class="pln"> x </span><span class="pun">&gt;</span><span class="pln"> y</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln">        
        </span><span class="kwd">print</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="pln">x</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="str">'&gt;'</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="pln">y</span><span class="pun">)</span><span class="pln">
    </span><span class="kwd">elif</span><span class="pln"> x </span><span class="pun">&lt;</span><span class="pln"> y</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln">        
        </span><span class="kwd">print</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="pln">x</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="str">'&lt;'</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="pln">y</span><span class="pun">)</span><span class="pln">
    </span><span class="kwd">else</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln">        
        </span><span class="kwd">print</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="str">'x=y='</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="pln"> x</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="str">'total cal '</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="pln"> a</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="str">'times'</span><span class="pun">)</span><span class="pln">
        </span><span class="kwd">break</span><button class="copy-code-button" type="button" data-clipboard-text="import random
a = 0
while True:    
    x = random.choice(range(100))
    y = random.choice(range(100))
    a = a+1    
    if x &gt; y:        
        print(x,&#39;&gt;&#39;,y)
    elif x &lt; y:        
        print(x,&#39;&lt;&#39;,y)
    else:        
        print(&#39;x=y=&#39;, x, &#39;total cal &#39;, a, &#39;times&#39;)
        break"></button></pre><div class="comt-meta wrapper"><span class="comt-author"><a target="_blank" href="javascript:;">川河岳</a><div class="tooltip tooltip1"><p><i class="fa fa-user" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;川河岳</p><p><i class="fa fa-envelope" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;cit***ai@qq.com</p></div></span>6年前 (2018-09-28)</div></div></li><!-- #comment-## -->
<li class="comment even thread-even depth-1" id="comment-39701"><span class="comt-f">#0</span><div class="comt-avatar wrapper"><i style="font-size:36px;" class="fa fa-user-circle" aria-hidden="true"></i><div class="tooltip"><p><i class="fa fa-user" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;葫芦又</p><p><i class="fa fa-envelope" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;111***0177@qq.com</p></div><div id="runoobvote-id-39701" data-commid="39701" class="upvotejs upvotejs-enabled"><a class="upvote"></a> <span class="count">52</span></div></div><div class="comt-main" id="div-comment-39701"><p>如果 if 语句中的条件过长，可以用接续符 <span class="marked">\</span> 来换行。</p>
<p>例如：</p>

<pre class="prettyprint prettyprinted" style=""><span class="kwd">if</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="lit">2</span><span class="pun">&gt;</span><span class="lit">1</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">and</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="lit">3</span><span class="pun">&gt;</span><span class="lit">2</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">and</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="lit">4</span><span class="pun">&gt;</span><span class="lit">3</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">and</span><span class="pln"> \
    </span><span class="lit">5</span><span class="pun">&gt;</span><span class="lit">4</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">and</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="lit">6</span><span class="pun">&gt;</span><span class="lit">5</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">and</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="lit">7</span><span class="pun">&gt;</span><span class="lit">6</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">and</span><span class="pln"> \
    </span><span class="lit">8</span><span class="pun">&gt;</span><span class="lit">7</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln">
    </span><span class="kwd">print</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="str">"OK"</span><span class="pun">)</span><button class="copy-code-button" type="button" data-clipboard-text="if 2&gt;1 and 3&gt;2 and 4&gt;3 and \
    5&gt;4 and 6&gt;5 and 7&gt;6 and \
    8&gt;7:
    print(&quot;OK&quot;)"></button></pre>
<p><strong>注意</strong>: <span class="marked">\</span> 后的一行要缩进没有要求，可无序缩进，但我们保持代码的可读性一般设置同样的缩进格式。</p><div class="comt-meta wrapper"><span class="comt-author"><a target="_blank" href="javascript:;">葫芦又</a><div class="tooltip tooltip1"><p><i class="fa fa-user" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;葫芦又</p><p><i class="fa fa-envelope" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;111***0177@qq.com</p></div></span>5年前 (2019-02-12)</div></div></li><!-- #comment-## -->
<li class="comment odd alt thread-odd thread-alt depth-1" id="comment-48150"><span class="comt-f">#0</span><div class="comt-avatar wrapper"><i style="font-size:36px;" class="fa fa-user-circle" aria-hidden="true"></i><div class="tooltip"><p><i class="fa fa-user" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;秋 | 先生</p><p><i class="fa fa-envelope" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;mas***lipeng@163.com</p></div><div id="runoobvote-id-48150" data-commid="48150" class="upvotejs upvotejs-enabled"><a class="upvote"></a> <span class="count">40</span></div></div><div class="comt-main" id="div-comment-48150"><p>实例:</p>
<pre class="prettyprint prettyprinted" style=""><span class="com"># 查询 n 到 m 间的所有素数</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="kwd">def</span><span class="pln"> find_prime_number</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="pln">n</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="pln"> m</span><span class="pun">):</span><span class="pln">
    </span><span class="kwd">if</span><span class="pln"> isinstance</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="pln">n</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">int</span><span class="pun">)</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">and</span><span class="pln"> isinstance</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="pln">m</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">int</span><span class="pun">):</span><span class="pln">
        </span><span class="kwd">if</span><span class="pln"> m </span><span class="pun">&lt;=</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="lit">1</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln">
            </span><span class="kwd">return</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="str">"error range"</span><span class="pln">
        </span><span class="kwd">if</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="lit">1</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">&gt;=</span><span class="pln"> n </span><span class="pun">&gt;</span><span class="pln"> m</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln">
            </span><span class="kwd">return</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="str">"error start"</span><span class="pln">
        numbers </span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="pln"> list</span><span class="pun">()</span><span class="pln">
        num </span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="pln"> n
        </span><span class="kwd">while</span><span class="pln"> num </span><span class="pun">&lt;=</span><span class="pln"> m</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln">
            i </span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="lit">2</span><span class="pln">
            </span><span class="kwd">while</span><span class="pln"> i </span><span class="pun">&lt;</span><span class="pln"> num</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln">
                </span><span class="kwd">if</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="pln">num </span><span class="pun">%</span><span class="pln"> i </span><span class="pun">==</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="lit">0</span><span class="pun">)</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">and</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="pln">num </span><span class="pun">!=</span><span class="pln"> i</span><span class="pun">):</span><span class="pln">
                    </span><span class="kwd">break</span><span class="pln">
                </span><span class="kwd">else</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln">
                    i </span><span class="pun">+=</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="lit">1</span><span class="pln">
            </span><span class="kwd">if</span><span class="pln"> num </span><span class="pun">==</span><span class="pln"> i</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln">
                numbers</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">append</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="pln">num</span><span class="pun">)</span><span class="pln">
            num </span><span class="pun">+=</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="lit">1</span><span class="pln">
        </span><span class="kwd">return</span><span class="pln"> numbers
    </span><span class="kwd">else</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln">
        </span><span class="kwd">return</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="str">"error input"</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="kwd">print</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="pln">find_prime_number</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="lit">1</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="lit">100</span><span class="pun">))</span><button class="copy-code-button" type="button" data-clipboard-text="# 查询 n 到 m 间的所有素数
def find_prime_number(n, m):
    if isinstance(n, int) and isinstance(m, int):
        if m &lt;= 1:
            return &quot;error range&quot;
        if 1 &gt;= n &gt; m:
            return &quot;error start&quot;
        numbers = list()
        num = n
        while num &lt;= m:
            i = 2
            while i &lt; num:
                if (num % i == 0) and (num != i):
                    break
                else:
                    i += 1
            if num == i:
                numbers.append(num)
            num += 1
        return numbers
    else:
        return &quot;error input&quot;
print(find_prime_number(1, 100))"></button></pre><div class="comt-meta wrapper"><span class="comt-author"><a target="_blank" href="javascript:;">秋 | 先生</a><div class="tooltip tooltip1"><p><i class="fa fa-user" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;秋 | 先生</p><p><i class="fa fa-envelope" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;mas***lipeng@163.com</p></div></span>5年前 (2019-11-05)</div></div></li><!-- #comment-## -->
<li class="comment even thread-even depth-1" id="comment-51167"><span class="comt-f">#0</span><div class="comt-avatar wrapper"><i style="font-size:36px;" class="fa fa-user-circle" aria-hidden="true"></i><div class="tooltip"><p><i class="fa fa-user" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;My_Skity</p><p><i class="fa fa-envelope" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;719***459@qq.com</p></div><div id="runoobvote-id-51167" data-commid="51167" class="upvotejs upvotejs-enabled"><a class="upvote"></a> <span class="count">23</span></div></div><div class="comt-main" id="div-comment-51167"><p>在 <strong>if...elif...else</strong> 的多个语句块中只会执行一个语句块，例如：</p>

<pre class="prettyprint prettyprinted" style=""><span class="pln">age </span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">int</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="pln">input</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="str">"请输入你家狗狗的年龄: "</span><span class="pun">))</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="kwd">print</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="str">""</span><span class="pun">)</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="kwd">if</span><span class="pln"> age </span><span class="pun">&lt;=</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="lit">0</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln">
    </span><span class="kwd">print</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="str">"你是在逗我吧!"</span><span class="pun">)</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="kwd">elif</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="lit">1</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">&lt;=</span><span class="pln"> age </span><span class="pun">&lt;=</span><span class="lit">2</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln">      </span><span class="com">#与下一个elif条件重复，只执行符合条件的第一个语句块</span><span class="pln">
    </span><span class="kwd">print</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="str">"相当于 14 岁的人。"</span><span class="pun">)</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="kwd">elif</span><span class="pln"> age </span><span class="pun">==</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="lit">2</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln">
    </span><span class="kwd">print</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="str">"相当于 22 岁的人。"</span><span class="pun">)</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="kwd">elif</span><span class="pln"> age </span><span class="pun">&gt;</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="lit">2</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln">
    human </span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="lit">22</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">+</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="pln">age </span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="lit">2</span><span class="pun">)</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">*</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="lit">5</span><span class="pln">    </span><span class="kwd">print</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="str">"对应人类年龄: "</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="pln"> human</span><span class="pun">)</span><button class="copy-code-button" type="button" data-clipboard-text="age = int(input(&quot;请输入你家狗狗的年龄: &quot;))
print(&quot;&quot;)
if age &lt;= 0:
    print(&quot;你是在逗我吧!&quot;)
elif 1 &lt;= age &lt;=2:      #与下一个elif条件重复，只执行符合条件的第一个语句块
    print(&quot;相当于 14 岁的人。&quot;)
elif age == 2:
    print(&quot;相当于 22 岁的人。&quot;)
elif age &gt; 2:
    human = 22 + (age - 2) * 5    print(&quot;对应人类年龄: &quot;, human)"></button></pre>
<p>因此，在写 elif 条件时一定要做到互不重复。</p><div class="comt-meta wrapper"><span class="comt-author"><a target="_blank" href="javascript:;">My_Skity</a><div class="tooltip tooltip1"><p><i class="fa fa-user" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;My_Skity</p><p><i class="fa fa-envelope" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;719***459@qq.com</p></div></span>4年前 (2020-03-03)</div></div></li><!-- #comment-## -->
<li class="comment byuser comment-author-tianqixin bypostauthor odd alt thread-odd thread-alt depth-1" id="comment-80524"><span class="comt-f">#0</span><div class="comt-avatar wrapper"><i style="font-size:36px;" class="fa fa-user-circle" aria-hidden="true"></i><div class="tooltip"><p><i class="fa fa-user" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;洋洋涵</p><p><i class="fa fa-envelope" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;wan***ngdh2015@126.com</p></div><div id="runoobvote-id-80524" data-commid="80524" class="upvotejs upvotejs-enabled"><a class="upvote"></a> <span class="count">11</span></div></div><div class="comt-main" id="div-comment-80524"><h3 data-title="Python match...case 模式匹配">模式匹配</h3>

<p><span class="marked">match ... case</span> 是 Python 3.10 中引入的一个新特性，也被称为“模式匹配”或“结构化匹配”。</p><p>它为 Python 带来了更强大、更易读的分支控制，相比于传统的 <strong>if-elif-else</strong> 链。</p>

<p><strong>基本模式匹配</strong></p>

<pre class="prettyprint prettyprinted" style=""><span class="pln">x </span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="lit">10</span><span class="pln">
match x</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln">
    </span><span class="kwd">case</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="lit">10</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln">
        </span><span class="kwd">print</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="str">"x is 10"</span><span class="pun">)</span><span class="pln">
    </span><span class="kwd">case</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="lit">20</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln">
        </span><span class="kwd">print</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="str">"x is 20"</span><span class="pun">)</span><span class="pln">
    </span><span class="kwd">case</span><span class="pln"> _</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln">
        </span><span class="kwd">print</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="str">"x is something else"</span><span class="pun">)</span><button class="copy-code-button" type="button" data-clipboard-text="x = 10
match x:
    case 10:
        print(&quot;x is 10&quot;)
    case 20:
        print(&quot;x is 20&quot;)
    case _:
        print(&quot;x is something else&quot;)"></button></pre>
<p>在这里，<span class="marked">_</span>是一个特殊的“占位符”模式，用于匹配任何值（类似于 else）。</p>
<p>
<strong>序列模式匹配</strong></p>

<pre class="prettyprint prettyprinted" style=""><span class="pln">point </span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="lit">2</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="lit">3</span><span class="pun">)</span><span class="pln">
match point</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln">
    </span><span class="kwd">case</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="lit">0</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="lit">0</span><span class="pun">):</span><span class="pln">
        </span><span class="kwd">print</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="str">"Origin"</span><span class="pun">)</span><span class="pln">
    </span><span class="kwd">case</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="lit">0</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="pln"> y</span><span class="pun">):</span><span class="pln">
        </span><span class="kwd">print</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="pln">f</span><span class="str">"Point is on the Y axis at {y}"</span><span class="pun">)</span><span class="pln">
    </span><span class="kwd">case</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="pln">x</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="lit">0</span><span class="pun">):</span><span class="pln">
        </span><span class="kwd">print</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="pln">f</span><span class="str">"Point is on the X axis at {x}"</span><span class="pun">)</span><span class="pln">
    </span><span class="kwd">case</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="pln">x</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="pln"> y</span><span class="pun">):</span><span class="pln">
        </span><span class="kwd">print</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="pln">f</span><span class="str">"Point is at ({x}, {y})"</span><span class="pun">)</span><span class="pln">
    </span><span class="kwd">case</span><span class="pln"> _</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln">
        </span><span class="kwd">print</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="str">"Not a point"</span><span class="pun">)</span><button class="copy-code-button" type="button" data-clipboard-text="point = (2, 3)
match point:
    case (0, 0):
        print(&quot;Origin&quot;)
    case (0, y):
        print(f&quot;Point is on the Y axis at {y}&quot;)
    case (x, 0):
        print(f&quot;Point is on the X axis at {x}&quot;)
    case (x, y):
        print(f&quot;Point is at ({x}, {y})&quot;)
    case _:
        print(&quot;Not a point&quot;)"></button></pre>
<p><strong>对象模式匹配</strong></p>

<pre class="prettyprint prettyprinted" style=""><span class="kwd">class</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="typ">Point</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln">
    </span><span class="kwd">def</span><span class="pln"> __init__</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="kwd">self</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="pln"> x</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="pln"> y</span><span class="pun">):</span><span class="pln">
        </span><span class="kwd">self</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">x </span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="pln"> x
        </span><span class="kwd">self</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">y </span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="pln"> y

p </span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="typ">Point</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="lit">0</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="lit">3</span><span class="pun">)</span><span class="pln">
match p</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln">
    </span><span class="kwd">case</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="typ">Point</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="pln">x</span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="lit">0</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="pln"> y</span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="pln">y</span><span class="pun">):</span><span class="pln">
        </span><span class="kwd">print</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="pln">f</span><span class="str">"Point is on the Y axis at {y}"</span><span class="pun">)</span><span class="pln">
    </span><span class="kwd">case</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="typ">Point</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="pln">x</span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="pln">x</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="pln"> y</span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="lit">0</span><span class="pun">):</span><span class="pln">
        </span><span class="kwd">print</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="pln">f</span><span class="str">"Point is on the X axis at {x}"</span><span class="pun">)</span><span class="pln">
    </span><span class="kwd">case</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="typ">Point</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="pln">x</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="pln"> y</span><span class="pun">):</span><span class="pln">
        </span><span class="kwd">print</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="pln">f</span><span class="str">"Point is at ({x}, {y})"</span><span class="pun">)</span><span class="pln">
    </span><span class="kwd">case</span><span class="pln"> _</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln">
        </span><span class="kwd">print</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="str">"Not a point"</span><span class="pun">)</span><button class="copy-code-button" type="button" data-clipboard-text="class Point:
    def __init__(self, x, y):
        self.x = x
        self.y = y

p = Point(0, 3)
match p:
    case Point(x=0, y=y):
        print(f&quot;Point is on the Y axis at {y}&quot;)
    case Point(x=x, y=0):
        print(f&quot;Point is on the X axis at {x}&quot;)
    case Point(x, y):
        print(f&quot;Point is at ({x}, {y})&quot;)
    case _:
        print(&quot;Not a point&quot;)"></button></pre>
<p><strong>OR 模式</strong></p>

<p>使用 | 来表示一个或多个模式。</p>

<pre class="prettyprint prettyprinted" style=""><span class="pln">x </span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="lit">2</span><span class="pln">
match x</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln">
    </span><span class="kwd">case</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="lit">1</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">|</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="lit">2</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">|</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="lit">3</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln">
        </span><span class="kwd">print</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="str">"x is 1, 2, or 3"</span><span class="pun">)</span><span class="pln">
    </span><span class="kwd">case</span><span class="pln"> _</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln">
        </span><span class="kwd">print</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="str">"x is something else"</span><span class="pun">)</span><button class="copy-code-button" type="button" data-clipboard-text="x = 2
match x:
    case 1 | 2 | 3:
        print(&quot;x is 1, 2, or 3&quot;)
    case _:
        print(&quot;x is something else&quot;)"></button></pre>
<p><strong>守卫</strong></p>
<p>
你可以使用 if 在模式匹配中添加额外的条件。</p>

<pre class="prettyprint prettyprinted" style=""><span class="pln">x </span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="lit">10</span><span class="pln">
match x</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln">
    </span><span class="kwd">case</span><span class="pln"> x </span><span class="kwd">if</span><span class="pln"> x </span><span class="pun">&gt;</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="lit">5</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln">
        </span><span class="kwd">print</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="str">"x is greater than 5"</span><span class="pun">)</span><span class="pln">
    </span><span class="kwd">case</span><span class="pln"> _</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln">
        </span><span class="kwd">print</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="str">"x is 5 or less"</span><span class="pun">)</span><button class="copy-code-button" type="button" data-clipboard-text="x = 10
match x:
    case x if x &gt; 5:
        print(&quot;x is greater than 5&quot;)
    case _:
        print(&quot;x is 5 or less&quot;)"></button></pre><div class="comt-meta wrapper"><span class="comt-author"><a target="_blank" href="https://www.runoob.com/note/80524">洋洋涵</a><div class="tooltip tooltip1"><p><i class="fa fa-user" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;洋洋涵</p><p><i class="fa fa-envelope" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;wan***ngdh2015@126.com</p></div></span>10个月前 (08-21)</div></div></li><!-- #comment-## -->
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    <input class="image-src" type="text" tabindex="1">
    
  </div>
  <div class="settings-field">
    <label>图片描述</label>
    <input class="image-alt" id="image-alt" type="text" tabindex="1">
  </div>
  <div class="settings-field">
    <label>图片尺寸</label>
    <input class="image-size" id="image-width" type="text" tabindex="2">
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    <input class="image-size" id="image-height" type="text" tabindex="3">
    <a class="btn-restore" href="javascript:;" title="还原图片尺寸" tabindex="-1">
      <span class="simditor-icon simditor-icon-undo"></span>
    </a>
  </div>
</div></div></div>
			
				<div class="comt-ctrl">
					<div class="comt-tips"><input type="hidden" name="comment_post_ID" value="7299" id="comment_post_ID">
<input type="hidden" name="comment_parent" id="comment_parent" value="0">
</div>
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				</div>
			</div>
		
				
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							<li class="form-inline"><label class="hide" for="author">昵称</label><input class="ipt" type="text" name="author" id="author" value="" tabindex="2" placeholder="昵称"><span class="text-muted">昵称 (必填)</span></li>
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		</div>

	</form>
	</div>
<script type="text/javascript">
$(function() {
	//初始化编辑器
	
	var editor = new Simditor({
	  textarea: $('#mded'),
	  placeholder: '写笔记...',
	  upload:false,
	 // upload: {url:'/api/comment_upload_file.php',params: null,fileKey: 'upload_file',connectionCount: 1,leaveConfirm: '文件正在上传，您确定离开?'},
	  defaultImage: 'https://www.runoob.com/images/logo.png',
	  codeLanguages: '',
	  autosave: 'editor-content',
	  toolbar: [  'bold','code','ul','ol','image' ]
	});
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		$(".code-popover").hide();
	});

	// 提交数据
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		$("#commentform").show();
		$('html, body').animate({
       	    scrollTop: $("#respond").offset().top
    	}, 200);
	});

	// 提交笔记
	var commentform=$('#commentform');
	commentform.prepend('<div id="comment-status" style="display:none;" ></div>');
	var statusdiv=$('#comment-status');
	
	commentform.submit(function(e){
		e.preventDefault();
		var noteContent = editor.getValue();
		// console.log(noteContent);
		noteContent = noteContent.replace(/<pre><code>/g,"<pre>");
		noteContent = noteContent.replace(/<\/code><\/pre>/g,"</pre>");
		
		// 系列化表单数据
		var comment_parent = 0;
		var is_user_logged_in = $("#is_user_logged_in").val();
		var comment_post_ID =  7299;
		var _wp_unfiltered_html_comment = $("#_wp_unfiltered_html_comment").val();
		var comment = noteContent;
		var author = $("#author").val();
		var url = $("#url").val();
		var email = $("#email").val();
		if(isBlank(author) && is_user_logged_in==0) {
			statusdiv.html('<p  class="ajax-error">请输入昵称！</p>').show();
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			// var formdata=commentform.serialize() + "&comment=" + noteContent ;
			// 添加状态信息
			statusdiv.html('<p>Processing...</p>').show();
			// 获取表单提交地址
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			// 异步提交
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					type: 'post',
					url: formurl,
					dataType:'json',
					data: {"comment_parent":comment_parent,"comment_post_ID":comment_post_ID, "_wp_unfiltered_html_comment":_wp_unfiltered_html_comment,"comment":comment,"url":url, "email":email,"author":author},
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		$(this).children(".tooltip").removeAttr("style");
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	/*
	$(".wrapper i").hover(function(){
		$(this).siblings(".tooltip").css({ "opacity": 1, "pointer-events": "auto"});
	},function(){
		$(this).siblings(".tooltip").css({ "opacity": 0, "pointer-events": "auto"});
	});
	*/
	//Upvote.create('runoobvote-id', {callback: vote_callback});
	var ajaxurl = 'https://www.runoob.com/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php';
	var callback = function(data) {
		//console.log($('#runoobvote-id').upvote('upvoted'));
		//console.log($('#runoobvote-id').upvote('downvoted'));
		//console.log(data);
		_vote_action = data.action;
		id_arr = data.id.split('-');
		um_id= id_arr[2];
		//console.log(um_id);
		
		var re = /^[1-9]+/;
		if (re.test(um_id)) { 
			var ajax_data = {
				_vote_action: _vote_action,
				action: "pinglun_zan",
				um_id: um_id,
				um_action: "ding"
			};
			//console.log(ajax_data);
			$.post(ajaxurl,ajax_data,function(status){
				//if(status.vote_num>999) {
				//	_voteHtml = '<span style="display: block; text-align: center;font-size: 20px; color: #6a737c; margin: 8px 0;">'+kFormatter(status.vote_num) +'</span>';
				//	$("#runoobvote-id-" + um_id + " .count").hide().after(_voteHtml);
				//}
				
			});
		}
	};
	if($('#comments').length && $('.upvotejs').length){
		$('.upvotejs').upvote({id: 7299, callback: callback});
	
		$.post(ajaxurl,{"action":"pinglun_zan","postid":7299},function(data){  
			$(data).each(function(key,value) {
				$("#runoobvote-id-" + value.commid + " .upvote").addClass(value.upvotejs_class);
				$("#runoobvote-id-" + value.commid + " .downvote").addClass(value.downvote_class);
				$("#runoobvote-id-" + value.commid + " .count").text(value.upvote_count);
			})
		},'json');
		
	}
	
	
});
function isBlank(str) {
    return (!str || /^\s*$/.test(str));
}
function kFormatter(num) {
	// return num;
    return Math.abs(num) > 999 ? Math.sign(num)*((Math.abs(num)/1000).toFixed(1)) + 'k' : Math.sign(num)*Math.abs(num)
}

</script>

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